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Spleen anatomy

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Nine Regions Of Abdomen ( Anatomy )

INTRODUCTION Abdominal cavity is the largest cavity. It encloses the peritoneal cavity between its parietal and visceral layers. Parietal layer clings to the wall of parieties while visceral layer is intimately adherent to viscera concerned. So their vascular supply and nerve supply are same as the parieties and viscera respectively. There are very lengthy organs in the abdominal cavity. These had to be disciplined with limited movements for proper functioning of the gut in particular and the body in general. Infections involving the parietal peritoneum impart protective "board-like rigidity" to the abdominal wall. Referred pain from the viscera to a dístant area is due to somatic and sympathetic nerves reaching the same spinal segment. NINE REGIONS OF ABDOMEN  For the purpose of describing the location of viscera, the abdomen is divided into nine regions by four imaginary planes, two horizontal and two vertical. The horizontal planes are the transpyloric and transtuber- cul...
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Ureter Anatomy

Ureter Introduction The ureters are a pair of narrow, thick-walled muscular tubes which convey urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.            They lie deep to the peritoneum, closely applied to the posterior abdominal wall in the upper part, and to the lateral pelvic wall in the lower part. DIMENSIONS  Each ureter is about 25 cm (10 inches) long, of which the upper half (5 inches) lies in the abdomen, and the lower half (5 inches) in the pelvis. It measures about 3 mm in diameter, but it is slightly constricted at five places.  Course General course of the ureter in the pelvis The ureter begins within the renal sinus as a funnel- shaped dilatation, called the renal pelvis. The pelvis issues from the hilus of the kidney, descends along its medial margin, or partly behind it. Gradually it narrows till the lower end of the kidney where it becomes the ureter proper.        The ureter ...
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