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Spleen anatomy

SPLEEN INTRODUCTION  Spleen (Greek splen and Latin Lien) is a lymphatic organ connected to the blood vascular system. It acts as a filter for blood and plays an important role in the immune responses of the body.   Location   Location of spleen (a) in relation to the nine regions of abdomen (b) in relation to the fundus of stomach and the diaphragm The spleen (Latin low spirits) is a wedge-shaped organ lying mainly in the left hypochondrium, and partly in the epigastrium. It is wedged in between the fundus of the stomach and the diaphragm. The spleen is tetrahedral in shape. Dimensions   The spleen is soft, highly vascular and dark purple in colour. The size and weight of the spleen are markedly variable. On an average the spleen is 1 inch or 2.5 cm thick, 3 inches or 7.5 cm broad, 5 inches or 12.5 cm long,7 ounces in weight, and is related to 9th to 11th rihe The odd numbers are 1, 3, 5 are 7, 9, 11. Normally, the spleen i...

Pancreas Anatomy

Pancreas marked as red organ Features The pancreas is a gland that partly exocrine and partly endocrine. The exocrine part secretes the digestive pancreatic juice; and the endocrine part secretes hormones, e.g. insulin. It is soft, lobulated and elongated organ. Location Location and parts of pancreas The pancreas lies more or less transversely across the posterior abdominal wall, at the level of first and second lumbar vertebrae.  Size and Shape  It is J-shaped or retort-shaped, set obliquely. The bowl of the retort represents its head, and the stem of the retort, its neck, body and tail. It is about 15-20 cm long, 2.5-3.8 cm broad and 1.2-1.8 cm thick and weighs about 90 g.The pancreas is divided (from right to left) into head, neck, body and the tail. The head is enlarged and lies within the concavity of the duodenum. The tail reaches the hilum of the spleen. The entire organ lies posterior to the stomach separated from it by the lesser sac....

Kidney Anatomy

Internal structure of the kidneys seen on a dissected specimen INTRODUCTION The closely packed structure and numerous functions of the kidney illustrate the beautiful workmanship of our creator. It not only applies to the kidney but to each and every part of our body. Synonyms The kidney are also called renes from which we have the derivative renal and nephros from which we have the terms nephron, nephritis, etc Definition Kidneys are a pair of excretory organs located on the posterior abdominal wall, one on each side of the vertebral column, behind the peritoneum. They remove waste products of metabolism and excess of water and salts from the blood, and maintain its pH. Location Location of the kidneys The kidneys occupy the epigastric, hypochondriac. lumbar and umbilical regions. Vertically they extend from the upper border of twelfth thoracic vertebra to the center of the body of third lumbar vertebra. The right kidney is slight...