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Spleen anatomy

SPLEEN INTRODUCTION  Spleen (Greek splen and Latin Lien) is a lymphatic organ connected to the blood vascular system. It acts as a filter for blood and plays an important role in the immune responses of the body.   Location   Location of spleen (a) in relation to the nine regions of abdomen (b) in relation to the fundus of stomach and the diaphragm The spleen (Latin low spirits) is a wedge-shaped organ lying mainly in the left hypochondrium, and partly in the epigastrium. It is wedged in between the fundus of the stomach and the diaphragm. The spleen is tetrahedral in shape. Dimensions   The spleen is soft, highly vascular and dark purple in colour. The size and weight of the spleen are markedly variable. On an average the spleen is 1 inch or 2.5 cm thick, 3 inches or 7.5 cm broad, 5 inches or 12.5 cm long,7 ounces in weight, and is related to 9th to 11th rihe The odd numbers are 1, 3, 5 are 7, 9, 11. Normally, the spleen is not palpable.
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Ureter Anatomy

Ureter Introduction The ureters are a pair of narrow, thick-walled muscular tubes which convey urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.            They lie deep to the peritoneum, closely applied to the posterior abdominal wall in the upper part, and to the lateral pelvic wall in the lower part. DIMENSIONS  Each ureter is about 25 cm (10 inches) long, of which the upper half (5 inches) lies in the abdomen, and the lower half (5 inches) in the pelvis. It measures about 3 mm in diameter, but it is slightly constricted at five places.  Course General course of the ureter in the pelvis The ureter begins within the renal sinus as a funnel- shaped dilatation, called the renal pelvis. The pelvis issues from the hilus of the kidney, descends along its medial margin, or partly behind it. Gradually it narrows till the lower end of the kidney where it becomes the ureter proper.        The ureter passes downwards and slightly medially on the tips of trans
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Pancreas Anatomy

Pancreas marked as red organ Features The pancreas is a gland that partly exocrine and partly endocrine. The exocrine part secretes the digestive pancreatic juice; and the endocrine part secretes hormones, e.g. insulin. It is soft, lobulated and elongated organ. Location Location and parts of pancreas The pancreas lies more or less transversely across the posterior abdominal wall, at the level of first and second lumbar vertebrae.  Size and Shape  It is J-shaped or retort-shaped, set obliquely. The bowl of the retort represents its head, and the stem of the retort, its neck, body and tail. It is about 15-20 cm long, 2.5-3.8 cm broad and 1.2-1.8 cm thick and weighs about 90 g.The pancreas is divided (from right to left) into head, neck, body and the tail. The head is enlarged and lies within the concavity of the duodenum. The tail reaches the hilum of the spleen. The entire organ lies posterior to the stomach separated from it by the lesser sac.  HEAD OF
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