Medical Lad

Gene is the basic hereditary unit of the cell. It is a portion of DNA molecule that contains the message or code for the synthesis of a specific protein from amino acids. It is like a book that contains the information necessary for protein synthesis.  In the nucleotide of DNA, three of the successive base pairs are together called a triplet or a codon. Each codon codes or forms code word (information) for one amino acid. There are 20 amino acids and there is separate code for each amino acid. For example, the triplet CCA is the code for glycine and GGC is the code for proline. Thus, each gene forms the code word for a particular protein to be synthesized in ribosome (outside the nucleus) from amino acids.  GENETIC DISORDERS  Genetic disorder is a disease or condition that occurs due to absence of a gene or a defective gene or by a chromosomal abnormality. Causes of Genetic Disorders  Genetic disorders occur due to two causes. 1. Genetic ...

Liver marked as red organ Features  The liver is A large and solid gland situated in the right upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity. In the living subject, the liver is reddish brown in colour, soft in consistency, and very friable. It weighs about 1600 g in males and about 1300 g in females. Location   Location of liver The liver occupies the whole of the right hypo- chondrium, the greater part of the epigastrium, and extends into the left hypochondrium reaching up to the left lateral line. From the above it will be obvious that most of the liver is covered by ribs and costal cartilages, except in the upper part of the epigastrium where it is in contact with the anterior abdominal wall. The liver is the largest gland in the body. It secretes bile and performs various other metabolic functions. The liver is also called the 'hepar' from which we have the adjective 'hepatic' applied to many structures connected with the organ. EXTERNAL FEATURES ...

Pancreas marked as red organ Features The pancreas is a gland that partly exocrine and partly endocrine. The exocrine part secretes the digestive pancreatic juice; and the endocrine part secretes hormones, e.g. insulin. It is soft, lobulated and elongated organ. Location Location and parts of pancreas The pancreas lies more or less transversely across the posterior abdominal wall, at the level of first and second lumbar vertebrae.  Size and Shape  It is J-shaped or retort-shaped, set obliquely. The bowl of the retort represents its head, and the stem of the retort, its neck, body and tail. It is about 15-20 cm long, 2.5-3.8 cm broad and 1.2-1.8 cm thick and weighs about 90 g.The pancreas is divided (from right to left) into head, neck, body and the tail. The head is enlarged and lies within the concavity of the duodenum. The tail reaches the hilum of the spleen. The entire organ lies posterior to the stomach separated from it by the lesser sac....

SPLEEN INTRODUCTION  Spleen (Greek splen and Latin Lien) is a lymphatic organ connected to the blood vascular system. It acts as a filter for blood and plays an important role in the immune responses of the body.   Location   Location of spleen (a) in relation to the nine regions of abdomen (b) in relation to the fundus of stomach and the diaphragm The spleen (Latin low spirits) is a wedge-shaped organ lying mainly in the left hypochondrium, and partly in the epigastrium. It is wedged in between the fundus of the stomach and the diaphragm. The spleen is tetrahedral in shape. Dimensions   The spleen is soft, highly vascular and dark purple in colour. The size and weight of the spleen are markedly variable. On an average the spleen is 1 inch or 2.5 cm thick, 3 inches or 7.5 cm broad, 5 inches or 12.5 cm long,7 ounces in weight, and is related to 9th to 11th rihe The odd numbers are 1, 3, 5 are 7, 9, 11. Normally, the spleen i...